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Month: June 2016 (page 1 of 2)

What’s with the wiring?

I wish I could tell you what’s going into the panel of our Sweepstakes Cessna 172, but we’re keeping it under wraps for now.

You could probably make an educated guess if you read the article on the Yingling Ascend 172 that ran in the February 2016 AOPA Pilot—in fact I hope you do make some educated guesses. Here’s a couple of clues from photos provided by Steve Draher at Yingling Aviation:

NEw antenna1

Wiring Garmin box and ELT

New antenna 2

Wiring instrument panel

 

All will be revealed when the airplane arrives at EAA AirVenture in Oshkosh. The Sweepstakes 172 will be there all week, so I hope you’ll stop by to take a look.

If you’re not coming to AirVenture, the Sweepstakes 172 will be traveling to our 2016 Fly-Ins. See it August 19-20 at Bremerton, Washington (PWT); September 17-18 at Battle Creek, Michigan (BTL); and September 30-October 1 at Prescott, Arizona (PRC). 

Learn more about how you could win a Cessna 172 in the AOPA 172 Sweepstakes.

New Mexico True Trails – Route 66 National Scenic Flyway

(Editor’s Note: If you are using something other than Internet Explorer, you may not see all figures)

NM Route 66 symbol

The legendary Route 66 National Scenic Byway, connecting Chicago with Santa Monica, enters New Mexico across a vast, sunlit prairie before meandering through rocky outcrops, quiet streams and adobe villages. Along the route, the high desert landscape is both austere and sublime, its red-hued cliffs dropping off into immense llanos or pine-wooded hills and valleys. Motels and 1950s diners with restored neon signs line portions of the Route 66. This “Scenic Flyway” is a flying version of the famous National Scenic Byway as designated by the U.S. Secretary of Transportation.

The National Forest and the National Parks Service have considerable land holdings in New Mexico and along historic Route 66. They include hiking trails, campgrounds, monuments, picnic areas, and scenic roadways.

One unique and historic part of this Scenic Flyway is the 1920’s air corridor across New Mexico that generally followed the Santa Fe Railroad tracks to Gallup, and on into Arizona. By 1929, this route became part of the Midcontinental coast-to-coast airway, developed for passenger service by the fledgling Transcontinental Air Transport (TAT) company, with Charles Lindbergh as the head of its technical advisory team.

In an era before radar, pilots depended solely on ground-based landmarks and road maps for guidance. The first airway navigation system was developed in the mid-1920s for airmail service, initially by the Lighthouse Service of the Department of Commerce. On the early mail routes, these sites, with 51-foot beacon towers, were spaced every 10-15 miles for night navigation. For daytime flight, the design included concrete arrows at airway beacon sites. Federal emergency landing fields were also located every 40-50 miles as terrain would allow.

Soon, airline mergers and new radio navigational aids led to realignment of the TAT airway route, with several of its concrete day arrows left behind on lonely hilltops. Dating from 1932, there are two arrows at auxiliary airfields plus eight more at isolated airway beacon sites across New Mexico, from Texas to the Arizona border (a few others are now gone). This route will take you over some of those TAT arrows and you will also have a chance to visit one of those restored beacon sites in person. The Cibola County Historical Society / Western New Mexico Aviation Heritage Museum provided the names and locations (with exact coordinates) of the identified and still existing beacons and arrows in this document and some of them are also included below.

The following figures help give you a visual of the proposed route and stops.

Figure 1. Route Overview

Figure 1. Route Overview

Figure 2. First Half of the Route (East to West) (see reference to locations in Figure 4)

Figure 2. First half of route

Figure 3. Second Half of the Route (East to West) (see reference to locations in Figure 4)

Figure 3. Second half of route

Figure 4. References to Locations on Previous Sectionals

References

Or, for easier reference, you can view the route in a screenshot of ForeFlight.

Figure 5. Route on ForeFlight

ForeFlight overview

Source: ForeFlight

Keep in mind some of these airports may not offer fuel. Please plan accordingly! You may also want to pack a set of tie downs for your aircraft.

If you decide to do part or the entire route and use social media, we would love for you to use #Route66 as a hashtag.

Fly safe, fly often! Enjoy this Scenic Flyway!

Legend

A few symbols have been added throughout the route to make it easy for readers to identify the facilities and activities each airport/area has at a quick glance.

Figure 6. Symbol Legend

Legend

Flight Planning Resources

Always remember to use current charts and always check notams prior to departure.

Google Earth may be a great tool for you to become familiar with the location of certain things, especially TAT arrows, before embarking on your flight. However, keep in mind Google Earth images may not always be recent. This is an example of the format you should use in Google to enter coordinates: 35° 03’ 22.28” N, 106° 47’ 39.86” W.

If using ForeFlight for flight planning and as your Electronic Flight Bag (EFB) in the aircraft, this is an example of the format you should use to enter coordinates: N35032228/W106473986 (same coordinates as above but with a pretty different format).

Also remember that ForeFlight has different map features that may be helpful to you as you are looking for landmarks in addition to the typical “U.S. VFR sectional” or “U.S. IFR (low)” we use, such as:

  • World map
  • Terrain map
  • Street map
  • Aerial map

Other flight planning tools may have similar capabilities.

Safety Resources

It is always good to review best practices and tips when flying around mountains. Subjects like density altitude, turbulence, or terrain really become a player in this type of flying. Here are some resources on the topics:

If you have never flown around mountains, you may also want to consider taking a “mountain flying” course. The New Mexico Pilots Association (NMPA) offers one every year, normally in September, in Santa Fe.

Most locals fly early in the morning on hot summer days.

Route (east to west) (from Texas to Arizona)

  1.  Glenrio. In the route as a fly over point only.
  2. San Jon. In the route as a fly over point only.
  3. Tucumcari (KTCC)

Route 1

Due to construction over the years, it is unclear if there was ever a Transcontinental Air Transport (TAT) arrow at the Tucumcari airfield; however, Clovis was the terminal and transfer between planes and trains. The beacons between Clovis and Albuquerque were relocated to the Amarillo-Tucumcari-ABQ alignment when the plane-train service ended in 1930-31 and the four-course range (radio beam) was established. Except for airfields, no concrete arrows were built that late. Tucumcari, a city airfield, apparently did not have one on the new route, while the two isolated Civil Aeronautics Authority (CAA) fields did have arrows on the 1932 Los Angeles-Amarillo Airway airfields, numbered as Cuervo LA-A 81B and Anton Chico LA-A 78A. This is similar to the 1929-1930 southern border airway, which has arrows only at landing fields.

The Cuervo CAA Intermediate Airfield (you can still see the runway marker circle) and associated arrow (site LA-A Site 81B) can be found at 35° 06’ 25.32” N, 104° 24’ 29.09” W.

Figure 7. General location of the Cuervo CAA Intermediate Airfield and Arrow

Figure 1

Source: Google Earth

Figure 8. Arrow and Runway Marker Circle at the Cuervo CAA Intermediate Airfield

Figure 2

Source: Google Earth

As an anecdote, nearby Conchas Lake Seaplane Base (E61) is the only seaplane base in the state. There is also a 4,800 ft airstrip near the shore of the man-made reservoir. From the Pilot Getaways magazine, Fall of 2000: “The large lake you see in the middle of New Mexico’s barren desert is not a mirage. Camping, fishing, hiking, and tranquility are the best aspects of Lake Conchas. Enjoying a 15-mile long lake after a short flight is a wonderful treat for pilots in a land-locked state.”

4. Santa Rosa (KSXU)

Route 2

Land on part of the original Route 66! Santa Rosa’s runway 08 is an old stretch of Route 66. In the mid-90s, a group of volunteers painted a Route 66 logo on the centerline of the runway; however, with post resurfacing and runway work, unfortunately that logo was covered.

The original, pre-1937 alignment of Route 66 ran south of Interstate 40. However, it cannot be followed now because part of the road is on private land and another section is now part of the runway at the Route 66 Municipal Airport.  The post-1937 alignment follows US Hwy 54 and the I-40 Business Loop.

The picture below shows the alignment of the runway with the main road though town and the old roadbed beyond the airport to the east.

Figure 9. Santa Rosa Airport and Surroundings

Figure 3

Source: Dick Perry

Santa Rosa’s main attraction is unique: the Blue Hole, an 80-foot-wide, 80-foot-deep artesian well filled with water so crystal-clear that it draws scuba divers from all over the western states to practice their underwater techniques here. The water of the Blue Hole, at around 61°F, is too cold for casual swimming but, in the summer heat, it’s a great place to cool your heels.

The Blue Hole is well signed at the end of Blue Hole Road, a half mile south of old Route 66; for purists, Blue Hole Road is old, old Route 66, since it formed the early (pre-1937) alignment of the Mother Road across Santa Rosa, the rest of which is used as a runway at the city’s airport. East of here, running along the south side of I-40, one of the oldest stretches of Route 66 is only partly paved and best done in a 4WD or on a mountain bike. Here you get an indelible sense of what travel was like in the very early days, when less than half of the route’s 2,400-odd miles were paved.

The arrow at the Anton Chico CAA Intermediate Airfield (site LA-A Site 78A) can be found at 35° 08’ 9.10” N, 105° 05’ 5.15” W.

Figure 10. General location of the arrow at the Anton Chico CAA Intermediate Airfield

Figure 4

Source: Google Earth

Figure 11. Arrow at the Anton Chico CAA Intermediate Airfield

Figure 5

Source: Google Earth

Sub route A – Original Route

A1. Moriarty (0E0)

Route 3

The Moriarty airport has a CAA beacon tower and station house from the 1932-64’s Otto airfield.

Moriarty boasts some of the finest year round soaring conditions in the United States, including 15 knot thermals to 22,000 ft, mountain wave to 34,000 ft, and orographic lift off the Manzano, Sandia, Ortiz, and Sangre de Cristo mountain ranges. Many flights in excess of 300 miles are recorded each year.

Whether you are novice or an expert glider pilot, either one of these groups would be happy to show you around:

  • Sundance Aviation is a commercial glider operator. Check out their inspiring video!
  • The Albuquerque Soaring Club (ASC) was established in 1960, has approximately 80 active members, and owns two Piper Pawnee tow planes and four club gliders.

Gliding is such a big part of Moriarty that they also have a museum dedicated to soaring – the U.S. Southwest Soaring Museum.

A2. Sandia East (1N1). In the route as a fly over point only; however, feel free to stop in.

To KAEG via Tijeras (VFR checkpoint) OR via the Pumping Station (VFR checkpoint)

Sub route B – Later Route

B1. Las Vegas (KLVS)

The now-retired Southwest Aviator magazine wrote a nice story on Las Vegas, New Mexico back in March/April of 2004 covering its tourist appeal as well as its aviation history. While most of its information still applies, keep in mind it is from 2001 so some of the phone numbers and airport information, for example, may be different now.

The Santa Fe Trail travels from Las Vegas to Santa Fe via San Miguel del Vado, Pecos Ruins and Glorieta Pass.

B2. Romeroville. In the route as a fly over point only.

B3. San Jose. In the route as a fly over point only.

B4. Pecos Pueblo.

Route 4

The Pecos National Historical Monument has visually stunning ruins and was one of the largest of all pueblos just prior to the arrival of the Spaniards.

B5. Santa Fe (KSAF)

Route 5

Santa Fe sits at the base of soaring Sangre de Cristo Mountains in central New Mexico. Founded as a Spanish colony in 1610, Santa Fe embodies a rich history and a melding of Native American, Spanish, Hispanic, and European cultures. It is renowned for its pueblo-style architecture, colorful markets, traditional and contemporary art, amazing cuisine, and unparalleled outdoor adventures. Santa Fe is ranked as the #1 Cultural Getaway by Travel+Leisure, Best High Altitude City by National Geographic, and Reader’s Choice Best Shopping Cities in the World by Condé Nast Traveler.

From the Pilot Getaways magazine, Fall of 2001: “Something magical in the light of Santa Fe has attracted a vibrant artistic community to this town on a New Mexico plateau. Here pueblo Indians continue their traditional lifestyle while a modern culture thrives. Exotic and beautiful, it is a place you should explore on foot, wandering the Farmers Market and galleries. Fall is the perfect time to avoid the crowds and enjoy the changing landscape.”

“Santa Fe Municipal Airport (KSAF) – with its charming terminal building, new-Mexican flair café, and exceptional Fixed Base Operators (FBOs) – is the gateway to a world-class, must stop destination along the Route 66 Flyway.” – Cameron Humphres, Santa Fe’s Airport Manager.

With all that it has to offer and 320 sunny days per year, Santa Fe is a magical, exuberant, colorful, world-class destination.  Come see for yourself why Santa Fe is known as “The City Different.”

There are many things to see and do in its historic downtown. For more information, visit: http://santafe.org/.

And, while in Santa Fe, you may want to visit the “Oblique Views: Archaeology, Photography, and Time” exhibit at the Museum of Indian Arts & Culture. It tells the story of the Southwest through the aerial photographs of Charles and Anne Lindbergh and Adriel Heisey.

B6. Switchback Hills at “La Bajada” Hill

Route 6

La Bajada Hill is considered the dividing point between the Rio Arriba (upper river) and Rio Abajo (lower river). Travelers on the Camino Real could take this route to reach Santa Fe, which became part of Route 66’s pre-1938 alignment. Barely 1.5 miles long through though volcanic rock, the old road on La Bajada Hill included 23 hairpin turns and was famous for overturned wagons and boiling radiators. It was so steep that gravity-fed tanks had to take it in reverse. In 1932, a new road up the escarpment was laid out slightly to the east and later widened into I-25. La Bajada means “the descent.”

Figure 12. Switchback Hills

Figure 6

Source: Elizabeth Hunke

      5. Coronado Historic Site (along Rio Grande River)

Route 7

The Coronado Historic Site is an archaeological dig in the 1930s uncovered the foundations and several Kivas (one restored that visitors can descent into). The views along the Rio Grande and of the Sandia, Jemez and Sangre de Cristo mountains from the site are spectacular. There is campground available.

6. Albuquerque (KAEG)

Route 8

Gemit Paulsen said it well in the intro of the “Albuquerque – An Exciting Blend of Cultures” article he wrote for the Southwest Aviation magazine:

“Four centuries of history can’t be wrong. Abundant natural beauty, a year-round mild climate, and the subtle blending of the many cultures that comprise its history make Albuquerque, New Mexico an exciting destination well worth exploring.”

Two aviation magazines covered Albuquerque’s “to do’s” and history well:

  • The Southwest Aviator magazine did a story on Albuquerque’s history and local sights back in March/April 2002.
  • From the Pilot Getaways magazine, dated September/October 2014: “Albuquerque has been the location for AMC’s popular show Breaking Bad, but the real city defies the stereotypes seen in the show. Set in the shadow of the beautiful Sandia Mountains, and with the Rio Grande running through it, Albuquerque makes a wonderful—and safe—weekend getaway. As Managing Editor Crista Worthy explains, visitors can start with Petroglyph National Monument, which begins right across the street from Double Eagle II Airport. In the monument, you can view hundreds of ancient petroglyphs and hike to several volcanoes. Outdoor enthusiasts can also hike or bike the Sandia Mountains, where they’ll enjoy cool breezes and expansive views of the valleys below. Or go for a jog beside ancient, tree-line acequias (irrigation ditches), which residents still use to irrigate their locally grown crops. Every October, fans of hot-air ballooning flock to the Albuquerque International Balloon Fiesta, the world’s largest. You’ll feel pure joy when you watch about 600 colorful balloons ascend into the blue sky or when you watch the evening Balloon Glows. Pilots can take a tour of the Eclipse jet factory to see cutting-edge technology right on the assembly line. Albuquerque has plenty of upscale shopping and art galleries, as well as authentic Indian jewelry and art, all over town. You’ll want to try authentic New Mexican cuisine while you visit. When it comes to chiles, New Mexico takes them seriously. Even their state question is: “Red or green?” This refers to what type of chile sauce you’d like. If you can’t decide, just order it “Christmas” style, and get both! Accommodations range from upscale eco-hotels downtown with hopping nightlife and rooftop bars to cozy B&Bs and even an historic farmstead designed by a legendary architect in his signature Pueblo Revival style. Like so many others who visit, we bet you’ll fall in love with this place!”

The Matador Network lists “The Luz Trail” as “one of New Mexico’s Most Spectacular Hikes.” It is an incredibly popular but difficult trail. Found on the west face of the Sandia Mountains, right on the edge of Albuquerque, La Luz Trail climbs eight miles to either the crest of Sandia Peak or over to the Sandia Peak Tramway. It is a rough hike intended for the fit, gaining nearly 4,000 feet on an impressively steep grade, and for most of the year the dry air will literally suck the moisture from your body. Take plenty of water with you. One of the best things about this climb is the experience of crossing multiple climatic zone and ecotones, which means rapid flora and fauna changes as you gain elevation. Oh, and then there’s the view. Not only is the city below impressive, you get to see all the surrounding mountains from up high: Mount Taylor to the west, the Sierra Ladrones in the south, and the snow-covered Sangre de Cristo mountains to the north.

The Double Eagle II Airport (KAEG) has an on-site restaurant, the Bombing Range Café, with wonderful views of the airfield. The old Southwest Aviator magazine did a story on it back in 2004 when it was called The Prop Wash Café.

Want to camp? You may do so at the Enchanted Trails campground close to KAEG.

Albuquerque features more than 400 miles of on-street bicycle facilities and multi-use trails. The Paseo de la Mesa Trail runs right by the Double Eagle II airport. And, of course, you can always create your own route. Here is one that stopped at the Double Eagle II airport a group under the New Mexico Touring Society organized on February 6, 2016.

The Petroglyph National Monument is a nationally protected 17 mile escarpment left from volcano activity hundreds of thousands of years ago. There are over 15,000 petroglyphs created sometime between 1300 and 1600. This is a good place for hiking.

Albuquerque has both a downtown and an Old Town (historic downtown). For more information on things to see and do there, visit: http://www.visitalbuquerque.org/.

Most people associate Albuquerque with balloons and rightfully so as the city has a long standing history with the aeronautical activity:

  • The Albuquerque Balloon Museum is a good place to visit and learn about the city’s ballooning history.
  • Held every year, Balloon Fiesta is Albuquerque’s most popular festival. It is normally held in October although their website can always confirm it. Going to the 2016 AOPA Regional Fly-in in Prescott, AZ on Saturday, October 1st? The 2016 Balloon Fiesta starts that same day so you may want to consider stopping in Albuquerque on your way back for that! Beautiful balloons of all colors will be flying over.
  • But, if you’re not there during Balloon Fiesta, you can just about see a balloon on any particular nice morning (early morning, that is!).

West of Albuquerque, several arrows remain from the 1929 TAT Midcontinental Airway route; however, these gray TAT concrete arrows can be difficult to spot on the desert floor.

The first arrow site is Beacon TAT 76 (9-Mile-Hill Beacon LA-A 68) at 35° 03’ 22.28” N, 106° 47’ 39.86” W. It is on the mesa just south of I-40. Note, this site is under KABQ’s Class C airspace and just south of KAEG’s Class D airspace.

Figure 13. General Location of TAT Site 76

Figure 7

Source: Google Earth

Figure 14. Arrow at TAT Site 76

Figure 8

Source: Google Earth

The Rio Puerco Valley Beacon is TAT Site 75 and can be found at 35° 01’ 49.75” N, 106° 58’ 34.53” W. It is just north of Interstate 40 and east of a dirt road, soon after flying over the Route 66 Casino Hotel and Travel Center.

Figure 15. General location of TAT Site 75

Figure 9

Source: Google Earth

Figure 16. Arrow at TAT Site 75

Figure 10

Source: Google Earth

      7. Las Lunas

Route 13

TAT Site 74 is on a low mesa rim. The easy-to-see visible feature to help you find it is the junction of I-40 and NM Hwy 6, about a mile west of the arrow. The coordinates are 34° 59’ 05.13” N, 107° 08’ 56.22” W.

Figure 17. General location of TAT Site 74

Figure 11

Source: Google Earth

Figure 18. Arrow at TAT Site 74

Figure 12

Source: Google Earth

      8. Laguna Pueblo and Acoma

Route 13

To respect Native American culture, please avoid low flying over Laguna and Acoma (also known as Sky City).

Laguna Pueblo is the largest Keresan-speaking pueblo. Historians believe the ancestors of the pueblo have occupied the Laguna homelands since at least A.D. 1300. For more information, visit: https://www.newmexico.org/laguna-pueblo/ and http://www.lagunapueblo-nsn.gov/.

Acoma, believed to have been established in the 12th century or even earlier, was chosen in part because of its defensive position against raiders. It is regarded as the oldest continuously inhabited community in the United States. Both the mission and pueblo have been designated as a Registered National Historical Landmarks. For more information (including tour information), visit: https://www.newmexico.org/acoma-pueblo/ and http://www.acomaskycity.org/home.html.

Enroute to Grants-Millan (KGNT) From Laguna Pueblo

Route 13

Two miles northwest of Seama, TAT Site 72 (also called Seama Mesa) sits south of Flower Mountain, not far from Interstate 40. The coordinates are 35° 02’ 55.4” N, 107° 32’ 46.1” W.

Figure 19. Location of TAT Site 72

Figure 13

Source: Google Earth

TAT Site 71 (also called Anzac Mesa) is located on a small mesa above the lava flows in the valley of the Rio San Jose, Rte. 66, and the Santa Fe tracks. This arrow was a key turning point to follow the TAT airway and railroad west to Gallup. It is a mile northwest of the abandoned Acomita Intermediate Airfield (1932-52) and its radio range navigational site. The coordinates are 35° 03’ 39.73” N, 107° 43’ 31.53” W.

Figure 20. General Location of TAT Site 71

Figure 14

Source: Google Earth

Figure 21. Arrow at TAT Site 71

Figure 15

Source: Google Earth

      9. Grants-Millan (KGNT)

Route 12

The Western New Mexico Aviation Heritage Museum at the KGNT airport honors those pioneer aviators who crossed the West along the 1929-era Los Angeles-to-Amarillo segment of the Transcontinental Air Transport (TAT) route. You can see Beacon LA-A 62, complete with a painted tower and corresponding generator shack, at the museum.

El Malpais National Monument was formed by millions of years of volcanic activity. The lava flows have created a unique, beautiful and eerie landscape. The 115,000 acre monument is also known for its archaeological sites.

The Matador Network lists the “Zuni-Acoma Trail” as “one of New Mexico’s Most Spectacular Hikes.” “For over 1,000 years, the pueblos of Zuni and Acoma were connected by a 75-mile trail traversing some of the roughest territory in the Southwest. Today, eight miles of this ancient trail remain in El Malpais National Monument, and it is still peppered with the rock cairns, and ceramic debris left by the region’s original inhabitants. For experienced hikers, eight relatively flat miles may seem like a walk in the park. But be warned: This is a serious adventure that will take about six hours one way. The Zuni-Acoma Trail crawls over rugged lava flows and frequently disappears — it’s marked in many places by nothing more than simple rock cairns. Located 16 miles south of Interstate 40, the western trailhead begins on NM-53. The eastern trailhead can be found on NM-117. Carry plenty of water, wear solid, reliable boots, and above all…enjoy.”

Enroute to Gallup (KGUP) from Grants-Millan (KGNT)

Route 13

TAT Site 69 (also called Prewitt) was another key turning point for TAT to follow the Santa Fe Railroad route up toward the Continental Divide and Beacon TAT-68. This may have been a 75-foot tower. The coordinates are 35° 21’ 45.25” N, 108° 02’ 45.70” W.

Figure 22. General location of TAT Site 69

Figure 16

Source: Google Earth

Figure 23. Arrow at TAT Site 69

Figure 17

Source: Google Earth

TAT Site 68 (also called Continental Divide) may be hard to spot due to several adjacent structures, and the vegetation growth around the tower site. The coordinates are 35° 25’ 36.67” N, 108° 18’ 11.60” W.

Figure 24. General location of TAT Site 68

Figure 18

Source: Google Earth

Figure 25. Arrow at TAT Site 68

Figure 19

Source: Google Earth

TAT Site 67 (also called ChurchRock Rd / Ft Wingate) is the last confirmed TAT arrow in western New Mexico, although another is rumored to have been just west of Gallup. At this beacon site, right next to Old Route 66, the generator shed was destroyed when I-40 was constructed. The coordinates are 35° 31’ 45.83” N, 108° 36’ 23.10” W.

Figure 26. General location of TAT Site 67

Figure 20

Source: Google Earth

Figure 27. Arrow at TAT Site 67

Figure 21

Source: Google Earth

      10. Gallup (KGUP)

Route 14

Gallup is known for its trading posts where one can buy and sell Native American jewelry, clothing, pottery, carvings, art, etc.

From the Pilot Getaways magazine, November/December 2010: “Gallup is often called the Indian Capital of the World, and if you love Native American arts, you will absolutely love this place. Indian artists from the Navajo, Zuni, Acoma, Laguna, and Santo Domingo Pueblos bring their finest creations to the authentic trading posts here. Step inside one of these trading posts and be blown away by the sheer quantity of turquoise, pottery, and rugs. As Technical Editor Crista V. Worthy explains, the staff will be happy to give you a tour into their vaults where many Indians store their most precious possessions. You can buy with confidence, knowing exactly where and by whom a piece of jewelry was made, and perhaps even learn a bit about the artists themselves. Downtown Gallup bustles with local activity and diversity. Savor authentic Southwestern cuisine at low prices. Visit the historic El Rancho Hotel with its Western and film memorabilia, and then take a few side trips. The countryside is loaded with national monuments, including the fantastic Chaco Culture National Historical Park. Make a visit to the nearby Zuni Pueblo and meet local artists in their studios. December brings the Red Rock Balloon Rally, with upwards of 200 hot air balloons filling the skies, as well as parades, dancing, and other activities. In August, come for the Intertribal Ceremonial, where Indians from tribes all over the U.S. converge to show off their finest clothes, dances, jewelry, and other arts.”

Pilot Getaways’ Spring of 1999 magazine mentions flying into Gallup Municipal Airport (KGUP). “Following the interstate keeps aircraft away from rough terrain. Gallup Municipal Airport (GUP) is stretched out along the south side of Route 66, about a mile south of Interstate 40. For VFR arrivals from either east or west, it is easy to find; simply follow the interstate and look for a runway parallel to your flight path. If you’re having difficulty spotting the airport, look for Highway 666, one of the few major highways branching off towards the north, just east of the airport. Flying in the pattern at GUP is deceiving because the terrain underneath the pattern is higher than the airport elevation of 6,469 feet; you will tend to be high when coming in for landings. Be aware that there may be substantial loss of performance due to the elevation and high temperature.”

KGUP has an on-site restaurant called Badlands Grill. They are known for their steaks.

Side Trip to Ramah

Route 15

Mystic Bluffs (NM56) is a privately owned, private use airport (except for one weekend a year when everybody is invited to their annual fly-in/camp-out) so remember to ask for permission prior to landing and operate at your own risk. However, even if not landing, it is still a very beautiful area to explore from the air.

A reliable waterhole hidden at the base of a sandstone bluff made, El Morro (the headland) National Monument was a popular campsite for hundreds of years.

All of New Mexico provides wonderful hiking opportunities; however, water is scarce in certain areas. Depending on the season and year, you can hike to waterfalls and find canoeing opportunities around Ramah.

Refer to another blog titled “3rd Annual Backcountry Fly-in at the Beautiful Mystic Bluffs (NM45) in New Mexico” for more information and pictures of NM56.

11. Manuelito. In the route as a fly over point only.

Have Additional Time and Coming From or Going To the East/Northeast?

Route 16

The AOPA Central Southwest Regional Page covering NM, TX, LA, OK, AR, KS, MO, NE and IA has a blog on “friendly airports and helipads” with a list of those that have an on-site restaurant, aviation museum, camping, and/or aircraft viewing area, etc that you may consider stopping at on your way to/from the Route 66.

Sources for Additional Information

The New Mexico Department of Tourism has a link with information and a video about the “Route 66 National Scenic Byway” on their website.

The New Mexico Route 66 Association has a wonderful website with all the information you can possibly need regarding Route 66 as it travels through New Mexico.

Not sure how exactly you are going to get around once on the ground at some of these locations? Looking for ways to bring a bike or canoe with you? Take a look at this blog I recently published for some ideas.

People and Organizations to Thank

Several people and organizations have contributed information to the creation of this Flyway. Their knowledge, time, and efforts for the benefit of all pilots and passengers are highly appreciated:

  • Steve Summers, Director of Aviation, New Mexico Department of Transportation (NMDOT)
  • Joyce Woods, Vice President of the New Mexico Pilots Association (NMPA) and AOPA Airport Support Network (ASN) Volunteer for KAEG
  • Steve Owen with the Cibola County Historical Society at the Grants-Milan Airport
  • Cameron Humphres, Airport Manager for KSAF
  • Elizabeth Hunke and Dick Perry for their pictures
  • Pilot Getaways magazine
  • Sometimes Interesting
  • Zhanna’s Beacon Survey Station Database

 

 

 

I go to extremes

Well, the mercury reached 106 degrees Fahrenheit on the California coast last week.  I’ve lived here since the late 80s and can’t remember ever seeing the temperature hit that level.  In fact, I looked it up and the previous record high for that day was a comparatively frigid 90.  It was so hot that my iPhone shut down when I had the temerity to use it outdoors.

Yes, summer is here.

It gets this hot in California, but not usually so close to the coast!

It gets this hot in California, but not usually so close to the coast!

While waiting for my smartphone to chill out, I began wondering about the aircraft I fly at work and whether it needed any weather-proofing.  It doesn’t matter if you’re trusty steed is a Light Sport aircraft, helicopter, jet, or something else – like any piece of equipment, it’s probably going to suffer in extreme environmental conditions.  We’re all aware of the powerplant limitations, as they’re usually placarded on a gauge sitting directly in your line-of-sight.  But there are a variety of lesser-known ones which can bite in very hot or cold weather.

When I started flight instructing, one of the most surprising things was the number of airframe temperature limitations found in our fleet.  The Diamond DA-20 airframe had a limit of 55°C.  A structural temperature indicator was installed on the spar bridge behind the aircraft seats to alert the pilot when it was too hot to fly.  The Extra 300’s has a 72°C limit and a similar indicator on the main spar carry-through.

Sometimes the limits are on the other side of the dial.  The DA-40 DiamondStar airframe has a minimum temperature of -40°C.  One might wonder why you’d want to fly when it was that cold, but in my experience once you’re underway (read: warm), winter flying can be a heavenly thing.  And seeing as how the airplanes are built in Canada, I’d be willing to guess that a least a few DiamondStars have actually encountered that limit.

I can hear the gleeful refrain from pilots of metal aircraft, as they appear to be immune from such concerns.  But I would counter with a story about the time I flew out to Death Valley to rescue a fellow Skylane pilot whose tires had literally melted into the pavement at Furnace Creek.  Whether the limits are published or not, they’re there.

This chart shows the approved operating temperatures for the Gulfstream IV

This chart shows the approved operating temperatures for the Gulfstream IV

The -40°C figure seems to pop up frequently on the Gulfstream.  That’s the minimum oil temperature for starting the engines.  It’s also the minimum fuel temp.  There’s a minimum for turning on the cockpit displays and systems (18°C), a temperature below which the the life rafts must be removed (-28°C), and even one for removal of the main aircraft batteries (-20°C).  That’s something you don’t see in glossy promotional photos of $50 million long-range business jets: a frostbitten guy struggling to remove the aircraft batteries because the ambient temperatures are just. too. cold.  Even the airframe has limits, as this charts shows.

Business jets have potable water lines, storage tanks, and lavatories which must be protected from freezing.  The galley contains a mind-boggling variety of other items ranging from carbonated beverages to chocolate snacks which will melt, freeze, crack, or snap under environmental extremes.  Foodstuff may sound like a minor consideration, and I suppose it is.  But few dozen exploded soda cans could cause thousands of dollars in damage to a bizjet’s interior, not to mention the injury to a pilot’s career.

Speaking of the pilot, I’d be remiss in not mentioning that there are practical limits for humans as well. If the hardware is suffering, odds are the aviator is as well. Our biological temperature limitations are more insidious because they can’t always be measured on a gauge.  But they’re every bit as important as those for our equipment – perhaps even moreso, since nearly 90% of accidents are caused by failures of the pilot rather than the machine.

So during this sweltering summer, remember to take good care of your aircraft – and even better care of yourself.

Ron Rapp is a Southern California-based charter pilot, aerobatic CFI, and aircraft owner whose 9,000+ hours have encompassed everything from homebuilts to business jets. He’s written mile-long messages in the air as a Skytyper, crop-dusted with ex-military King Airs, flown across oceans in a Gulfstream IV, and tumbled through the air in his Pitts S-2B. Visit Ron’s website.

Accelerating the move to the majors

KalittaMost aspiring career pilots want to fly for the legacy major airlines (passenger and cargo), but the job is not an easy one to land. Once the requisite ratings are acquired, there is the matter of building overall time, not to mention jet time, and hopefully some turbojet pilot-in-command (PIC) time. One might be tempted to ask: Are there any shortcuts? Are there any other options?

Actually, there might be. The majors like to hire from a variety of sources, and they like to hire pilots with varied backgrounds. Your time does not have to all be in regional jets, and it certainly doesn’t have to be all in domestic RJ operations. If you are open to long stretches on the road, one option is to apply to a company such as Atlas Air/Southern or Kalitta Air. Both are long-haul and ultra-long-haul operators; Atlas does a mix of passenger flights (almost exclusively for the military) and cargo. The cargo is carried under contract with other carriers (mostly, but not exclusively, for DHL), and the company has announced an agreement to fly twenty Boeing 767s for Amazon.

These carriers don’t pay nearly as well as the majors pay on comparable equipment, and they pose their own challenges: The trips tend to be two weeks or more, and some of the destinations served by these contract carriers are remote and dangerous.

But, if you’re a hardy spirit, it’s a great way to get paid to see the world, and both offer the ability to live at home and get tickets to and from work, which is a great relief from traditional commuting.

As a career option, you can either stay, or you can use these carriers as a jumping-off point for the majors. I know many pilots who were able to parlay the experience of flying heavy equipment in transoceanic and complicated airspace into jobs at the majors without logging any PIC time. And, you can fly 777s and 747s years ahead of when you might have done so otherwise. In fact, it won’t be long before none of the legacy carriers have the 747, so this might be your only avenue if it’s an airplane you want to fly.

Flying overseas  might be another option. It’s no secret that airlines in Asia and the Middle East prize U.S. pilots. They know that the training is good, and Americans bring a different mindset to the job in cultures where many decisions are still made based on certain social standings. The money is also very good, and there are some very friendly U.S. tax benefits as well. After gaining some time in culturally and operationally challenging area, pilots applying for jobs back home tend to stand out.

U.S. airlines love to hire pilots with this kind of experiences because they will (eventually) be flying to similar areas on our own airplanes. Further, pilots gain experience and knowledge that is prized for the occasional office or management position, especially if a carrier is looking to add service to a country in which you have flown, but it has not.

Some pilots, in fact, make a career out of being an ex-pat, taking contracts for two to three years at a time. With luck, each successive opportunity pays more money or moves you up a size of airplane until you are eventually a captain. Many of these jobs are in Airbus A319/320/321 aircraft, with some in the 737 and a fair number in the 767 or something of a similar size. In the Middle East, especially, well-paying jobs can be had in large airplanes for those willing to work hard and put in the time.

There are also ex-pat contracts available in Africa, though you want to do your due diligence before pursuing something there.

Being gone from home for two to three weeks at a time is not for everyone, and living overseas is not for everyone. But, if you’re looking for a leg up on the competition for a job you may want, both are worth considering. They can take years off the job search, they’re fun (with the right attitude), and they are enriching.

Into Thin Air: A problem even in low country

I live in low country. My airport is a measly 15 feet above sea level, not low enough to be subject to flooding in heavy storms, but plenty low. You’d think that means that my airplane sees peak performance on takeoff all the time. Well, maybe on a standard atmosphere day (59 degrees F. / 15 degrees C. and 29.92 Hg / 1012 hPa, with 50% humidity). Unfortunately its been a while since we’ve seen those temperatures.

Most summer mornings I awake at 0600 to an outside air temperature of 77 F / 26 C, barometric pressure around 29.80 and the humidity? At 96% you might as well breathe water as air. What does that do to my aircraft’s performance? Skunks it. Seriously,  density altitude does a number on my high performance machine—and just about everyone else’s, too. (I say “just about” because a few of you out there fly turbocharged or turbo-normalized aircraft, and they cope better with density altitude, up to a point.)

With temperatures and humidity like we have, my airplane performs more like it is at 1,600 MSL, and that is first thing in the morning.  It doesn’t take long for the sun to cook up the air to temperatures approaching 100 F / 38 C, more than doubling the density altitude effect and making it perform as if we were above 3,000 MSL.

The FAA publishes telephone numbers for direct contact with AWOS/ASOS computers nationwide.

The FAA publishes telephone numbers for direct contact with AWOS/ASOS computers nationwide.

This is because hot, wet air behaves precisely like the thin air at altitude: it is tough for the engine to breathe (heck, I find it tough to breathe!). With molecules of air farther apart and separated by H2O, even the flying surfaces are impacted, resulting in longer take off rolls and anemic climb out performance.

How does one cope? First: calculate. Density altitude calculators are built-in to every flight planning software package worth its salt (even NOAA publishes one here). Don’t have one of those handy? Call the AWOS or ATIS at your airport (they have local telephone numbers, you can find them here).  If you are already at the airplane well, just tune in and listen. No weather reporting at your airport? Just about every airplane has an outside temperature gauge somewhere (your oil temperature will be at ambient temperature before engine start). As for the humidity? If you are sweating on the ramp and you aren’t in Yuma, Arizona, you can guess it is well above 50%. Just figure it in at 90% and you’ll be safe.

Now, pull out the performance charts from the Pilots Operating Handbook that you keep in the airplane (you’ve got to have one, it’s the law). Run your finger across the chart per the instructions and it should spit out a required takeoff roll distance. Is your runway long enough? The climb chart will predict your performance—then you have to ask yourself: is that climb rate adequate (remember, you’ll be going up into even thinner air, so that initial climb performance is likely to deteriorate)?

In my corner of the country side most significant obstacles can be out climbed  in the first 300 feet of altitude. Even at 300 fpm climb rate if I’m patient I can get away from terrafirma on a hot afternoon—that is, if I haven’t packed the back of the airplane with passengers and bags to the ceiling then loaded it up with full fuel. These are all variables I can change. I could also opt out of the flight, rescheduling it for a cooler time of day.

And what if I risk it and try the take off?  Look at the NTSB database (www.ntsb.gov). Search density altitude and you’ll find a host of general aviation accidents where high DA is listed as “probable cause.” Many occurred in the summer, often from high elevation airports. Nearly every time the aircraft was overloaded for the conditions and was forced into the air by the pilot. He or she managed to get it flying in the cushion of ground effect, but once the airplane pulled away from that crutch it was stall / spin time. A few pilots managed to resist the overwhelming compulsion to pull harder on the control yoke and did the right thing, which is to PUSH the nose over to a flying airspeed and ride the airplane back into ground effect and onto the ground in a controlled crash. Not pretty, but survivable.

A few years ago I had my first experience in a Redbird simulator. The instructor with me set up the hot/high demo, where I attempted to fly a Cessna 172 off a mountain valley grass strip on a hot afternoon with no wind. Honestly? It was awful. Even with my best short field technique I felt the airplane sinking as I pulled away from ground effect and I instinctively pushed the nose over, pulled the power and jockeyed the airplane to a landing and a ground loop to avoid the trees at the end of the strip. Not pretty at all, but we did manage to keep life and hardware intact.

With practice I learned what that Cessna could and could not do on that little back country strip. It was an education. Want to try it for yourself? Redbird is partnering with the National Association of Flight Instructors and the Experimental Aircraft Association at EAA AirVenture this summer to bring attendees the Pilot Proficiency Center. There you can sign up to brush the rust off or try skills you’ve yet to master in one of 12  Redbird LD simulators (Advanced Aviation Training Devices). The building is air conditioned and the sim instructors are volunteers. And yes, you can log it as  flight sim time with an instructor sign off.

Give it your best. You’ll impress yourself.

Amy Laboda has been writing, editing and publishing print materials for more than 28 years on an international scale. From conception to design to production, Laboda helps businesses and associations communicate through various media with their clients, valued donors, or struggling students who aspire to earn scholarships and one day lead. An ATP-rated pilot with multiple flight instructor ratings, Laboda enjoys flying her two experimental aircraft and being active in the airpark community in which she lives.

Hot fun in the summertime

At this time of year, it’s no fun to be in an airplane on the ground after, say, 10 a.m. We’re mopping ourselves with towels, cracking doors, employing useless battery-operated fans, and generally doing everything we can to keep our internal body temperatures at a reasonable level while we do a runup.

installing windshield

Photo courtesy Steve Draher, Yingling Aviation.

 

The winner of our 172 Sweepstakes won’t have that issue–at least, not unless he or she lives in Phoenix, Arizona. That’s because the technicians at Yingling Aviation in Wichita have installed a complete PolyOne SC15 UV/infrared blocking solar gray window set. The window set was provided by LP Aero Plastics Inc. of Jeannette, Pennsylvania.

What do all those numbers and letters mean? The windows include an acrylic material that is said to decrease cockpit temperatures 10 to 30 degrees Fahrenheit. The material provides protection from ultraviolet rays that can harm you. What’s more, lower cockpit temperatures are better for the electronic equipment installed in any aircraft.

“The aircraft owners who have had their aircraft upgraded with these UV/Infrared Blocking windows rave about them when we see them at the shows,” said George Mesiarik, vice president and general manager, LP Aero Plastics.

Stop by and check out these cool (literally!) windows when you visit the AOPA tent at EAA AirVenture. The AOPA Sweepstakes 172 will be on display, alongside another Yingling Ascend 172 so that you can see the work-in-progress and the end result.

Learn more about how you could win a Cessna 172 in the AOPA 172 Sweepstakes.

 

 

Aircraft Owners, Keep Out!

The aircraft owner was obviously frustrated. He’d been searching for a good shop to perform an owner-assisted annual on his airplane:

“It’s getting harder all the time to find a shop that will allow any owner involvement in an annual inspection. The ones I’ve found that will allow it always seem to be mechanics I’d rather not work on my airplane. They may be good mechanics, but they don’t have any type-specific experience working on twin Cessnas and don’t want to take the time to look up the correct procedures in the service manual.

“At the other end of the spectrum, the big shops that have a lot of  experience with my make and model, but seem unwilling to let owners watch, much less assist. They also tend to be expensive, partly because they insist on doing everything strictly by the book.

“The manager of one well-known specialty shop told me that they absolutely insist on doing a complete landing gear re-rigging at every annual, and that they also require 500-hour magneto inspections, claiming that these things are mandatory under the FARs.

“Now, I’m not arguing that these things shouldn’t be done, but are they really required by regulation? I’d be more comfortable if the shop manager told me that these things were strongly recommended, not that they were required. Now I’m starting to wonder whether this shop would refuse to sign off an annual inspection if an engine were past TBO?”

I suspect that many owners share these frustrations. It turns out that there are some valid reasons why big shops often tend to appear less flexible and owner-friendly than smaller ones.

Business concerns

Like it or not, aircraft repair shops are businesses, and some shop managers feel that they simply cannot operate in a businesslike fashion if owners are hanging around the shop. Here are the sentiments of the manager of a Texas shop with a superb reputation for top-notch maintenance:

“We couldn’t get anything done if we let the owners in the shop on every plane we worked on. It’s a distraction. You simply can’t run a business with the owner breathing down your neck. Think about your business—do you allow your customers to watch what you do and see the inner-workings of your business?

“Some owners who work on their own aircraft are knowledgeable and highly motivated. Unfortunately, you need a bit more than that to do quality work on an aircraft. You have to do it day after day, year after year. There’s no substitute for experience.

“We have at least five planes crammed in out shop at all times with more waiting. We’re booked year-round, and every owner wants their plane NOW!

“I think a knowledgeable owner is a good thing. But owners should be careful about doing their own work on critical airworthiness items such as rigging, engine, or mags. Saving money should never be your bottom-line when it comes to maintenance and repairs of your aircraft. That’s fool’s gold….”

As a hands-on aircraft owner who believes passionately in owner-involved maintenance, I frankly don’t care one bit for the attitude expressed by this shop manager. As a businessman, however, I can appreciate why he feels the way he does. If I were in his shoes, perhaps I would feel the same way.

Liability concerns

Another major factor in the increasing reluctance of shops to allow owners to perform maintenance under supervision is heightened concerns about liability, stemming from the General Aviation Revitalization Act of 1994 (GARA), which took aircraft manufacturer’s off the hook for product liability for GA aircraft older than 18 years. An unintended consequence of this law has been a huge increase in litigation against mechanics are repair shops, and a corresponding increase in their concerns about liability.

An aggravating factor is the difficulty of obtaining Errors & Omissions (liability) insurance for GA repair shops. Only a tiny handful of companies are still willing to write such insurance any more, and those that do charge an arm and a leg for the coverage.

In the old days, mechanics and shops only had to worry about whether the work they were doing was safe and legal. Nowadays, they worry increasingly about “how it will look in front of a civil jury” and that’s a whole different kettle of fish.

The result is that many of the biggest and best maintenance shops in the country will no longer consider owner-assisted annuals and other supervised owner maintenance. As an aircraft owner, you need to decide for yourself whether a shop’s reputation for doing outstanding maintenance outweighs its aversion to owner involvement and efforts to save money.

Repair station rules

Another huge problem arises when the shop involved is an FAA-approved Repair Station, as is the case with many large shops. Repair stations are certificated under Part 145 of the FARs, and their operations are governed by a thick FAA-approved Repair Station Manual (RSM).

The RSM specifies exactly what kinds of maintenance and alterations the shop is allowed to do, which shop personnel are permitted to perform which tasks, and what procedures will be employed in performing, inspecting, and approving the work. Frequently, the wording of the RSM prohibits or severely restricts work being done by non-employees (including customers).

To make matters worse, Part 145 now requires each Repair Station to implement an FAA-approved training program for its personnel. The rule requires that work done by the Repair Station be performed by individuals who have received specific initial and recurrent training for the tasks they are performing.

This new rule is undoubtedly a step in the right direction to help assure that only competent people will swing wrenches on our aircraft. Unfortunately, it’s also another major stumbling block for the maintenance-involved owner who wants to work on his airplane under supervision.

The bottom line is that owners wishing to do an owner-assisted annual will probably have to steer clear of shops that operate as Part 145 Repair Stations.

Required or recommended?

Owner-Assisted AnnualWhat about the shop that insists on doing a full annual landing-gear rigging or 500-hour magneto inspections? Granted these are things that really ought to be done, but are they actually required by regulation? As with many things in aviation, the answer to this question is “it depends.”

Strictly speaking, these things are not mandated by regulation for an aircraft operated under Part 91. Just because the manufacturer’s maintenance manual or service bulletin says that we “must” do such operations every so many months or so many hours doesn’t mean that we actually have to do it. Such things are truly mandatory only if they are required by an Airworthiness Directive or by an FAA-approved Airworthiness Limitation.

Nevertheless, if the shop doing an annual inspection on our airplane is a Repair Station, then they are compelled to follow the procedures in their FAA-approved Repair Station Manual. If the RSM says that they will do a full gear rigging every year or a magneto inspection every 500 hours, or that they will comply with all scheduled maintenance set forth in the aircraft manufacturer’s maintenance manual, then that’s what they are obliged to do as a condition of their Repair Station Certificate. If you don’t like it, you can always take your aircraft to another shop.

What if your annual inspection is being done by a shop that is not a Repair Station? The A&P/IA inspecting your airplane is not compelled by regulation to perform these procedures. But if he insists on doing them because he considers them essential to ensure that your aircraft is safe to fly, he’s still on pretty firm ground.

What “airworthy” means

AirworthyWhen an IA signs off an annual inspection, he’s asserting that the aircraft is airworthy.  For an aircraft to be “airworthy” it must meet two criteria: (1) it must be in compliance with its type design and all applicable airworthiness requirements (such as ADs), and (2) it must be in condition for safe operation.

Criterion #1—compliance with type design, ADs and other airworthiness requirements—is theoretically an objective standard. If you had a dozen IAs inspect an aircraft, they should all theoretically agree whether the aircraft is or is not in compliance.

However, criterion #2—being in condition for safe operation—calls for a subjective judgment by the IA.  Different IAs may reasonably differ on whether an aircraft is “in condition for safe operation” and there’s nothing wrong with that.

No IA can make a valid case that a complete gear rigging or 500-hour magneto maintenance is “required by regulation” on a Part 91 airplane.  However, the IA would be on firm ground if he took the position that both these procedures are essential to ensure that the aircraft is “in condition for safe operation.”

Any time a mechanic tells you that something is required by regulation, it’s perfectly appropriate for you to ask him to show you the specific regulatory reference that is the basis for his assertion.  In my experience, mechanics often say that something is required by regulation when in fact it isn’t required for Part 91 operators.

On the other hand, if a mechanic tells you that he is unwilling to approve an aircraft for return to service after an annual inspection unless certain work is done because he considers that work necessary to ensure that the aircraft is “in condition for safe operation,” he’s well within his rights.  The IA is required to make that determination at annual inspection, and his determination is subjective so it’s difficult to challenge.

What if an IA insists on something you consider excessive and unacceptable—e.g., requires removal of all cylinders at every annual, or is adamant that you major an apparently healthy engine just because it has reached TBO—because he considers it essential to satisfy himself that your aircraft is “in condition for safe operation”? If you don’t want the IA to do the work and can’t talk him out of it, then you really have only two options.

One option is not to let him do the inspection, and to take your airplane to another shop or mechanic with a more reasonable attitude.

The other option is to direct the unreasonable IA to complete the inspection without performing the disputed procedure, and sign off the annual with discrepancies. This means that you’ll get your airplane back with a signed and dated list of items the IA considers unairworthy. You can’t fly the airplane (unless you obtain a ferry permit), but you can take it to another mechanic (hopefully one with a more reasonable attitude) and ask him to resolve the discrepancies and approve the aircraft for return to service. The second mechanic only needs to deal with the listed discrepancies—he does not need to redo the annual inspection.

Shades of gray

Shades of GraySome would have you believe that airworthiness is a black-and-white concept: either something is airworthy or it isn’t. Not so.

The aspects of airworthiness concerned with determination of conformance to type design and airworthiness requirements are indeed black-and-white. Either a wing skin is made of the required .032”-thick 2024-T3 Alclad aluminum or it isn’t. Either AD 2000-01-16 has been complied with or it hasn’t.

However, the aspects of airworthiness concerned with determination of condition for safe operation are subjective and come in a thousand shades of gray. Different mechanics may reasonably differ on whether a landing gear really needs to be rigged at every annual, or whether mags really need to be disassembled every 500 hours, or flexible hoses changed every five years, or an engine overhauled when it reaches published TBO.

As an aircraft owner, you would be wise to interview a prospective IA and determine whether his philosophy about maintenance and airworthiness is compatible with your own before hiring him to perform an annual inspection on your aircraft. That goes double if you’re hiring a Repair Station.

Mike Busch is arguably the best-known A&P/IA in general aviation, honored by the FAA in 2008 as National Aviation Maintenance Technician of the Year. Mike is a 8,000-hour pilot and CFI, an aircraft owner for 50 years, a prolific aviation author, co-founder of AVweb, and presently heads a team of world-class GA maintenance experts at Savvy Aviation. Mike writes a monthly Savvy Maintenance column in AOPA PILOT magazine, and his book Manifesto: A Revolutionary Approach to General Aviation Maintenance is available from Amazon.com in paperback and Kindle versions (112 pages). His second book titled Mike Busch on Engines was released on May 15, 2018, and is available from Amazon.com in paperback and Kindle versions. (508 pages).

Yes, that’s FAA Administrator Michael Huerta…

AOPA President Mark Baker (left) shows FAA Administrator Michael Huerta (center) the AOPA Sweepstakes 172.

AOPA President Mark Baker (left) shows FAA Administrator Michael Huerta (center) the AOPA Sweepstakes 172.

…checking out your AOPA Sweepstakes 172 in progress at Yingling Aviation in Wichita.

Huerta was in town for a meeting at the Wichita Aero Club. He announced June 6 that the agency will give $500 to the first 20,000 owners of single-engine piston aircraft who equip for ADS-B under a rebate program to be launched in the fall. (You can read more details about that program here.)

AOPA President Mark Baker showed Huerta our sweepstakes airplane, a Cessna 172N that is undergoing a Yingling Ascend transformation. The airplane looks a little scruffy on the outside, because it isn’t painted. Appearances are deceiving, though. For example, the airplane already has:

  • new flight controls and cables
  • new brakes
  • new tires
  • a new 180-hp Lycoming engine to replace the original 160-hp engine (and you’ll be able to read about the STC from Air Plains in the August issue of AOPA Pilot)
  • new Sensenich propeller (but no spinner as yet–that’s being polished)

Those are just a few of the enhancements. I’ll be detailing more in the weeks to come, in this blog and in the pages of AOPA Pilot.

The AOPA Sweepstakes 172 will be on display at the AOPA tent at EAA AirVenture in Oshkosh. You won’t want to miss it!

Learn more about how you could win a Cessna 172 in the AOPA 172 Sweepstakes.

Flying with a map to save money in Germany

It is a reasonable statement that culture shock is part of learning to fly in a new country. While money is second only to aeronautics in making aviation possible, it is the sudden upset of one’s personal training and methods that gets mixed in with wildly new and different cost structures that makes the whole thing become a cesspool of confusion. Much like student pilots who drop out for varying reasons, if there were actually a large amount of Americans coming to Europe to fly (there are not), there would probably be a sizable dropout rate. Nonetheless, I decided to strip out some of the issues with differing culture and present what I have learned so far about costs in Germany.

Before diving in too far, it is kind of amusing to think of the differences that cost can make on behavior, as exemplified by the circumstances around a flight that I took recently. As I will disclose below, iPad flight navigation software here in Europe is quite expensive, due to the fact that data is getting pulled in from 28 countries in the EU, with 24 different official languages. Amidst the hodgepodge of offerings, I naturally wanted to opt for a Europe-wide application, and the best price-to-feature and coverage option I could find cost $397.86 for a one-year subscription, payable in the beginning. Finding that a bit expensive, I decided to play accounting games with myself and kick the purchase a few days out so I wouldn’t have to actually tender cash for another 52 days after that (a distinctly American way of doing things). That left me with a window where the trial had expired, and I had a flight to take because the weather was good. At more than $1 per day, I certainly wasn’t going to buy the app just yet, so I hopped in the Cub with a stack of maps and took off.

I planned out a destination and alternate, made paper copies of the approaches, and headed east for the Odenwald hills and then generally in the direction of Wurzburg. Once out of the complexities of the pattern and eastbound over farm country, I had a certain sense of peace that I did not have a piece of gadgetry to guide me; it was the map and me. At that moment, I realized that I plan on opening the window and door regularly to take photographs, so I had better jot down Langen Information’s frequency, in case I needed to be vectored out of my own confusion due to maps blowing out the window.

Much to my surprise, pilotage was no more difficult in another continent than at home. I thought I would face some challenges, as most of us who try pilotage for instruction purposes are in some relative position to a place that we call home, and we have enough familiarity that there is a hazy bit of memory to work in our favor. I haven’t been here long, have not traveled in this area on the ground, and haven’t flown that much yet, so it was a brand new location.

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Canola fields were in full bloom, which made Germany look surreal and otherworldly. It was the first time that I climbed in the Cub to get a better panorama of agriculture, purposely trying to get more distant fields because of extensive color off into the horizon. It is moments like this that national boundaries seem to fade away, and flying is simply flying.

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Eventually, it was time to come home, and I decided to test my skills. Can I navigate a full hour by dead reckoning, without referencing the map? I glanced at the sectional to confirm the presence of airspace restrictions and airports, dialing in the frequency for one small field in my path. Putting the map away, I traversed west into the Odenwald hills toward the Bergstrasse, using a hill where Frankenstein built his castle, the sun, and a smoke stack thirty miles to the north as a means for triangulation. One hour later, I landed safely at Egelsbach with no problems.

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Reflecting on the flight, I still am unsure which is the bigger message: the powerful effect of costs on flying behavior, or the ability to fly by memory for an hour in a new country. After all, I am willing to pay obscene costs to fly here, yet I put myself into overdrive to work at saving $4.

Nonetheless, below is my first pass at costs of flying here in Germany. I specify Germany as each country in the EU is quite different with costs and customs, despite all that you may have heard about European unification. When it comes to aviation, that subject is a work in progress.

For all of my fellow cost accounting bean counters out there, I am using home field costs in Germany and using the best average of similar costs that I have encountered in the United States. My purchasing habits are relatively similar in both places, which makes a good comparison.

Item Germany ($) USA ($)
Avgas 9.99 4.98
Mogas (airport) 8.50 4.40
Mogas (gas station) 5.65 2.50
Oil (quart) 11.94 10.00
Oil (case, with shipping) 81.43 92.00
Air Filter 11.68 7.95
Oil Pump 875.52 509.00
Muffler Repair 171.00 800.00
Instructor (advanced) 39.90 40.00
Hangar Rent (shared) 250.13 180.00
Insurance 1,349.00 1,650.00
Landing Fee (home) 9.10
Landing Fee (away) 15.96
Flight Plan Cancellation 0.96
BFR 384.00 100.00
Cessna 172 Rental (wet, hourly) 168.72 110.00
iPad Navigation App (annual) 397.86 75.00
Flight Service (annual) 102.60

 

Three items are actually cheaper in Germany. I find that to be a similar scenario with everyday living expenses, where most things are more expensive, yet certain things are far cheaper. There are also many costs that simply do not exist in the US, which can generally be tossed into the bucket called “user fees.” Consistent with flying a Cub, I avoid using most in flight services, so I expect to uncover more in the way of German user fees as time goes by. Stay tuned.

Garrett Fisher is an aerial adventure photographer, having photographed some of the most rugged and wild terrain in America from his 1949 Piper PA-11. After living in Germany with the Cub, he recently moved to the Spanish Pyrenees to continue the flying adventure. He has published six aerial photography books covering the Colorado Rockies, Wyoming, high terrain in the Southeast, and the Outer Banks, with more US and European books in the pipeline. He blogs regularly about his flights at www.garrettfisher.me.

The new-hire learning curve

I was recently going to work, and I had to sit on the jumpseat of an Embraer flown by one of my airline’s express (I hate that term) carriers. The first officer (FO) was brand-new. He was getting the last of his training under the guidance of a check airman. He had completed ground school, simulator training, and his checkride. The last stage was the introduction to the line environment, which means flying revenue passengers on regular flights while being shown “life on the line” by a specially trained captain.

I’ve been the new hire and the check airman, so I could relate to what both fellows were going through. As a teacher in this situation, you are always racing time, because the schedule needs to be maintained. At the same time, safety can never be compromised, and yet you need to teach and show the student as much as you can in a short amount of time.

From the student’s perspective, it can be an overwhelming environment. In the simulator, the “flights” are much more sterile, and there is only one airplane—yours—to worry about. Further, there is no time to throw all of the real-world curve balls in the simulator.

Something as simple as a ground stop—which we had—can become complicated rather quickly. In our case, our release time was moved up, and we had only a few minutes to get to the runway to make our window. The captain could have taken control of much of the process of getting off the gate, but then the student would have learned next to nothing.

Fortunately, the student was not on his first day, and was able to keep up with the pace, though he was clearly struggling to do so and maintain his composure with me there.

In any job, you learn to look ahead to certain events and outcomes based on previous experience and training. In this case, the captain was concerned about flight and duty time limits, which previously had been only academic concerns to the FO. The limits had not been an issue in his previous flying, and he had only been introduced to them in training in the classroom, where there was plenty of time (and help) to figure out what might or might not be legal. Now, he was seeing the real-world time crunch of needing to have more than a passing familiarity with the rules.

En route, I could only chuckle, as the FO was admittedly not used to flying in the higher altitudes or the flight levels. He struggled a bit on the radio, saying “two point eight” when he meant “flight level 280,” or twenty-eight thousand feet. I am often amazed at just how much we take for granted as general knowledge, and how much we pick up just through the osmosis of everyday flying. It’s an affirmation that you simply can’t teach experience, try as you might.

When we landed, the FO asked me—even though we don’t work for the same company—if I had any advice for him. His captain was willing to hear what I had to say, and I offered the same advice to him that I used to offer my own trainees: Don’t forget to look out the window once in a while.—Chip Wright

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